TARIHIN AMFANI DA TUNGSTEN
Abubuwan da aka gano a cikin amfani da tungsten ana iya haɗa su da sauƙi zuwa filayen guda huɗu: sunadarai, ƙarfe da super alloys, filaments, da carbides.
1847: Ana amfani da gishirin Tungsten don yin auduga mai launi da kuma yin tufafin da aka yi amfani da su don wasan kwaikwayo da sauran dalilai na wuta.
1855: An ƙirƙira tsarin Bessemer, yana ba da damar samar da ƙarfe mai yawa. A lokaci guda kuma, ana yin ƙarfe na tungsten na farko a Austria.
1895: Thomas Edison ya bincika ikon kayan da za a iya yin haske lokacin da aka fallasa su zuwa hasken X, kuma ya gano cewa calcium tungstate shine abu mafi tasiri.
1900: Babban Gudun Karfe, haɗin ƙarfe na musamman da tungsten, an nuna shi a nunin duniya a birnin Paris. Yana kiyaye taurinsa a yanayin zafi mai girma, cikakke don amfani da kayan aiki da injina.
1903: Filaments a cikin fitilu da fitilun fitilu sune farkon amfani da tungsten wanda yayi amfani da madaidaicin ma'anar narkewa da ƙarfin wutar lantarki. Matsalar kawai? Ƙoƙarin farko an gano tungsten ya yi karyewa don amfani da yawa.
1909: William Coolidge da tawagarsa a General Electric Amurka sun yi nasara wajen gano wani tsari wanda ke haifar da filaye tungsten ta hanyar maganin zafi mai dacewa da aikin injiniya.
1911: Tsarin Coolidge yana kasuwanci, kuma a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci kwararan fitila tungsten sun bazu ko'ina cikin duniya sanye da wayoyi tungsten ductile.
1913: Karancin lu'ulu'u na masana'antu a Jamus a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu ya jagoranci masu bincike neman madadin mutuwar lu'u-lu'u, wanda ake amfani da su don zana waya.
1914: “Wasu ƙwararrun ƙwararrun sojoji ne suka gaskata cewa nan da watanni shida Jamus za ta ƙare da harsashi. Ba da daɗewa ba Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin sun gano cewa Jamus na ƙara yawan kera makamanta kuma har zuwa wani lokaci ta wuce abin da Ƙungiyoyin ke samarwa. Canjin ya kasance a wani bangare saboda amfani da kayan aikin yankan tungsten mai sauri da kuma tungsten. Abin da ya ba Biritaniya mamaki, tungsten da ake amfani da shi, daga baya aka gano shi, ya fito ne daga ma'adinan Masarautar da ke Cornwall. - Daga littafin KC Li na 1947 "TUNGSTEN"
1923: Kamfanin kwan fitila na Jamus ya ba da takardar shaidar tungsten carbide, ko hardmetal. Ana yin shi ta hanyar “ciminti” tungsten monocarbide (WC) mai wuyar gaske a cikin matrix ɗin ɗaure na ƙarfe mai tauri ta hanyar sarrafa lokaci mai ruwa.
Sakamakon ya canza tarihin tungsten: wani abu wanda ya haɗu da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, tauri da babban taurin. A gaskiya ma, tungsten carbide yana da wuyar gaske, kawai abu na halitta wanda zai iya tayar da shi shine lu'u-lu'u. (Carbide shine mafi mahimmancin amfani da tungsten a yau.)
1930s: Sabbin aikace-aikace sun taso don mahadi na tungsten a cikin masana'antar mai don maganin ruwa na ɗanyen mai.
1940: An fara haɓakar baƙin ƙarfe, nickel, da cobalt-tushen superalloys, don cika buƙatar kayan da zai iya jure yanayin zafi mai ban mamaki na injunan jet.
1942: A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, Jamusawa sun kasance na farko da suka fara amfani da tungsten carbide core a cikin manyan makamai masu linzami. Tankunan Birtaniyya sun kusan “narke” lokacin da waɗannan na'urorin tungsten carbide suka buge su.
1945: tallace-tallace na shekara-shekara na fitilu masu ban sha'awa shine miliyan 795 a kowace shekara a Amurka.
1950s: A wannan lokacin, ana ƙara tungsten cikin superalloys don inganta aikin su.
1960s: An haifi sababbin masu kara kuzari masu dauke da mahadi tungsten don kula da iskar gas a masana'antar mai.
1964: Haɓakawa a cikin inganci da samar da fitilu masu ƙyalƙyali sun rage farashin samar da adadin haske da aka ba su da kashi talatin, idan aka kwatanta da farashi a gabatarwar tsarin hasken Edison.
2000: A wannan lokacin, ana zana wayar fitilu kimanin mita biliyan 20 a kowace shekara, tsayin da ya yi daidai da kusan ninki 50 na nisan duniya da wata. Haske yana cinye 4% da 5% na jimlar samar da tungsten.
TUNGSTEN YAU
A yau, tungsten carbide ya yadu sosai, kuma aikace-aikacensa sun haɗa da yankan ƙarfe, injinan itace, robobi, abubuwan da aka haɗa, da yumbu mai laushi, ƙirar guntu (zafi da sanyi), hakar ma'adinai, gini, hako dutse, sassa na gini, sa sassa da kayan aikin soja. .
Hakanan ana amfani da allunan ƙarfe na Tungsten don samar da bututun injin roka, waɗanda dole ne su sami kyawawan kaddarorin jure zafi. Super-alloys dauke da tungsten ana amfani da su a cikin injin turbine da sassa masu juriya da sutura.
Koyaya, a lokaci guda, mulkin fitilun fitilu ya ƙare bayan shekaru 132, yayin da suka fara ƙarewa a Amurka da Kanada.
Lokacin aikawa: Yuli-29-2021
